strasburgi, 2008 wlis 18 dekemberi

evropis mosamarTleTa sakonsultacio sabWo (emss)

daskvna #11 (2008)

evropis sabWos ministrTa komitetis sayuradRebod

sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebebis xarisxis Sesaxeb

imisaTvis, rom gaadvildes am daskvnis gavrceleba (gamoyeneba), wevrma saxelmwifoebma sasurvelia Targmnon igi TavianT enebze

zogadi debulebebi

1. marTlmsajulebis xarisxi warmoadgens evropis sabWos ucvlel da grZelvadiani sazrunavs, rac asaxulia evropis sabWos egidiT miRebul konvenciebSi, rezoluciebSi, rekomendaciebSi da emsaxurebian marTlmsajulebis xelmisawvdomobis gaadvilebas, marTlsajulebis procesis gaumjobesebasa da gamartivebis, sasamarTloebis muSaobis Semsubuqebas, raTa mosamarTleebis saqmianoba daeTmos mxolod samarTlebrivi sakiTxebis1 gadawyvetas.

2. am konteqstSi da misi samoqmedo gegmis Sesabamisad, evropis mosamarTleTa sakonsultacio sabWom gadawyvita mieRo daskvna #11 sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebebis xarisxis Sesaxeb, rac marTlmsajulebis xarisxis mTavari Semadgeneli nawilia.

3. naTeli dasabuTebuloba da analizi warmoadgens sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebis mimarT wardgenil ZiriTadi moTxovnas da samarTliani sasamarTlos uflebis mniSvnelovan Semadgenel nawils warmoadgens. adamianis uflebaTa da TavisuflebaTa dacvis evropuli konvenciis me-6 muxli avaldebulebs saxelmwifoebs sasamarTlos damoukideblobisa da miukerZoeblobis uzrunvelyofas, aseve, efeqturi procesis damkvidrebis xelSewyobas. valdebuleba ganxorcielebulad iTvleba, rodesac mosamarTleebi samarTalwarmoebas axorcieleben samarTlianad da sworad, samarTalze da faqtebze dayrdnobiT, risi saboloo mizani moqalaqeebisaTvis sargeblis motanaa. sasamarTlo gadawyvetileba maRali xarisxis mqoned CaiTvleba Tu igi aRwevs Tavis swor mizans – imdenad, ramdenadac mosamarTleTa xelT arsebuli materialuri resursebi amis saSualebas iZlevian – da aRwevs amas samarTlianad, swrafad, cxadad da araoarzrovnad.   

4. aRniSnulis gaTvaliswinebiT, emss-m miiCnia, rom damoukidebeli sasamarTlo aris moqalaqeebis ufleba; Tavis daskvna # 1-Si (2001w) emss-m ganacxada `sasamarTlos damoukidebloba ar aris prerogativa an privilegia sasamarTlos interesisaTvis, aramed aris marTlsajulebis da im pirTa interesi, romlebic eswrafvian marTlsajulebas~. aseve, emss-m 2001 wlidan miRebul Tavis sxvadasxva daskvnebSi Camoayaliba sxva winadadebebic imis Sesaxeb, Tu rogor unda uzrunvelyos TiToeulma samarTlebrivma sistemam sasamarTlosadmi mimarTvis uflebis ganxorcieleba, da aseve, uzrunvelyos miRebuli gadawyvetilebebis maRali xarisxi, imisaTvis, rom gadawyvetilebebis, rogorc marTlsajulebis ganxorcielebis procesis Sedegis mimarT, iyos farTo ndoba2.

5. am daskvnis mizani ar aris eWvis Setana im mTavari principis SinaarsSi, romlis mixedviTac, sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebebis xarisxisTvis mniSvnelovania, gadawyvetileba miRebuli iyos uflebebis dasacavad samarTliT dadgenili resursebis farglebSi. es principi mosamarTleebis damoukideblobis konstituciiT dadgenili garantis mTavari Sedegia, romelic miiCneva kanonis uzenaesobis mTavar principad demokratiul sazogadoebaSi.

6. emss miiCnevs, rom mosamarTleebs, romelTa mTavari valdebuleba aris xarisxiani gadawyvetilebis miReba, gaaCniaT kargi SesaZlebloba wamoiwyon msjeloba sasamarTlos gadawyvetilebebis xarisxis Sesaxeb, aseve, xarisxis faqtorebis gansazRvris da maTi Sefasebis pirobebis Sesaxeb.

7. sasamarTlo gadawyvetileba unda akmayofilebdes mTel rig moTxovnebs, da am moTxovnebs SeiZleba gaaCndeT garkveuli saerTo principebi, miuxedavad gansxvavebuli marTlsajulebis sistemebisa da sxvadasxva qveyanaSi sasamarTloebis praqtikis sxvadasxvaobisa. aq amosavali wertili aris is, rom sasamarTlo gadawyvetileba emsaxureba xolme ara mxolod mxareebs Soris samarTlebrivi davis gadawyvetas, aramed aseve, precedentuli samarTlis damkvidrebasac, ramac SeiZleba moaxdinos axali davebis warmoqmnis prevencia da uzrunvelyos socialuri harmonia.

8. maria juliana sivininis angariSi, romelic emyareboda emss-s wevrebis pasuxebs kiTxvarze3, adasturebs, rom saxelmwifoebs gaaCniaT farTo SesaZleblobebi sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebebis xarisxis Sesafaseblad da gasaujobeseblad. angariSSi aseve, yuradReba aris gamaxvilebuli imaze, rom gadawyvetilebebis xarisxi damokidebulia samarTlebrivi sistemis tradiciebze, magram yvela qveyanas erTnairad moeTxoveba gaaumjobesos pirobebi mosamarTleebis mier xarisxiani gadawyvetilebebis misaRebad.

9. cneba `sasamarTlo gadawyvetileba” am daskvnaSi niSnavs kazusis an sakiTxis gadawyvetas damoukidebeli da miukerZoebeli sasamarTlos mier, adamianis uflebaTa da fundamentur TavisuflebaTa dacvis evropuli konvenciis me-6 muxlis mixedviT, da moicavs:

- gadawyvetilebebs samoqalaqo, socialur, sisxlis da administraciul saqmeebze;

- pirveli instanciis, saapelacio, uzenaesi, sakonstitucio sasamarTloebis gadawyvetilebebs;

- winaswar (Sualedur) gadawyvetilebebs;

- saboloo gadawyvetilebebs;

- sasamarTlos gadawyvetilebebs an brZanebebs, miRebuls kolegiuri SemadgenlobiT mier an erTpirovnulad mosamarTlis mier;

- gadawyvetilebebs, miRebuls umciresobis mosazrebis gaTvaliswinebiT, an mis gareSe;

- gadawyvetilebebs, miRebuls profesionali, araprofesionali, an am ori komponentiT kombinirebuli sasamarTlos mier.

nawili I. sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebebis xarisxis ganmsazRvreli faqtorebi

a. garegani garemo: kanonmdebloba, ekonomikuri da socialuri konteqsti

10. sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebebis xarisxi damokidebulia ara marto mosamarTlis individualur Sexedulebaze, aramed marTlmsajulebis administrirebis garegnul mxareze, rogoricaa kanonmdeblobis xarisxi, romlebic uzrunvelyofs sasamarTlo sistemisaTvis gamoyofili saxsrebis (resursebis) adekvaturobas, da iuridiuli ganaTlebis xarisxi.

1. kanonmdebloba

11. sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebebi damyarebulia sakanonmdeblo organoebis mier miRebul kanonebze, saerTo samarTlis sistemis qveynebSi-samarTalze da sasamarTlo precedentiT damkvidrebul principebze. samarTlis es wyaroebi gansazRvraven ara marto uflebebs, movaleobebs da pasuxismgeblobas, aramed sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebis miRebis procedurul mxaresac. kanonmdeblebis arCevans gavlena aqvs sasamarTloSi wardgenili saqmeebis tipsa da moculobaze, aseve, maTi gadawyvetis gzebze. sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebebis xarisxze SeiZleba gavlena iqonios kanonmdeblobis xSirma cvlilebebma, uxarsxo kanonproeqtebma, an kanonebSi arsebulma bundovanebam.

12. emss miiCnevs, rom sasurvelia, parlamentma zedamxedveloba gauwios TuU ra zegavlenis moxdena SeuZlia arsebul kanonmdeblobasa da sakanonmdeblo iniciativebs sasamarTlo sistemaze da miiRos iseTi gardamavali da proceduruli RonisZiebebi, rom mosamarTleebma aseTi kanonmdeblobis farglebSi SeZlon maRali xarisxis gadawyvetilebis miReba. kanonmdebelma unda uzrunvelyos, rom kanonmdebloba iyos gasagebi da samoqmedod martivi, Seesabamebodes adamianis uflebaTa da fundamentur TavisuflebaTa dacvis evropul konvencias. aseve, momavalSi kanonis gagebis gaadvilebisaTvis kanonproeqtze Catarebuli mosamzadebeli samuSaoebi advilad misawvdomi da martivi eniT unda iyos dawerili. nebismieri proeqti, romelic exeba marTlmsajulebis administrirebas da procedurul sakiTxebs, parlamentis mier miRebamde unda ganixilos iusticiis umaRlesma sabWom an ekvivalenturma organom.

13. xarisxiani gadawyvetilebis miRebis uzrunvelyofisaTvis, mosamarTleebisaTvis aucilebelia kanoniT dadgenil iseT sakanonmdeblo da procedurul garemoSi moqmedeba, rac maT miscemT saSualebas Tavisuflad miiRon gadawyvetilebebi, aseve, efeqturad gamoyenon dro, rac aris saWiro saqmis Sesaxeb gadawyvetilebis misaRebad. emss-m Tavis daskvnaSi (# 6. 2004) ganixila `saqmis marTvis” (case management)4 SemTxvevebi.

2. saxsrebi (resursebi)

14. sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebebis xarisxi pirdapir ganpirobebulia im saxsrebiT, rac gamoiyofa sasamarTlo sistemisTvis. sasamarTlos ar SeuZlia efeqturad muSaoba aradekvaturi adamianuri da materialuri resursebiT. adekvaturi anazRaureba mosamarTlisaTvis aucilebelia, raTa daculi iyos mosamarTle da misi saqmianoba im zewolisagan, rac masze gavlenis moxdenas emsaxureba5, uzrunvelyofili iyos mosamarTled mxolod saukeTeso kandidatebis ganweseba. kvalificiuri asistentebis daxmareba dokumentebis mosamzadeblad aseve ganapirobebs sasamarTlos mier miRebuli gadawyvetilebis maRal xarisxs. aseTi saxsrebis (resursebis) nakleboba ganapirobebs sasamarTlo sistemis mier gadawyvetilebis maRali xarisxis uzrunvelyofis SeuZleblobas6.

3. sasamarTlo sistemis monawileebi da samarTlebrivi swavleba

15. marTlmsajulebis sistemis xarisxi damokidebulia sxvadasxva monawilis urTierTqmedebaze: policia, prokuratura, damcvelebi, aparati, arsebobis SemTxvevaSi nafici msajulebi. mosamarTle moTamaSeTa am jaWvSi mxolod erT-erT rgols warmoadgens da Tanac araa aucilebeli igi saboloo rgoli iyos, vinaidan aRsrulebac Tanabar mniSvnelovani sakiTxia. Tundac Tu movaxdenT koncentracias sasamarTlos gadawyvetilebis xarisxze, zemoTmulidan gamomdinare Cven vaskvniT, rom mosamarTlis monawileoba aris sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebis xarisxis ganmsazRvreli mTavari, magram ara erTaderTi faqtori.

16. sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebis xarisxi sxva faqtorebTan erTad damokidebulia aseve marTlsajulebis procesSi monawile pirebis samarTlebriv ganaTlebaze. emss-s survilia samarTlebrivi ganaTlebisa da Treiningebis mniSvnelovnebis xazgasma.

17. zemoTqmuli, gansakuTrebiT mosamarTleebTan mimarTebaSi,  gulisxmobs karieris dasawyiSi maRali xarisxis samarTlebrivi ganaTlebis arsebobas7, aseve SemdgomSi mudmivi Treinigebis Catarebas profesiuli teqnikis ganviTarebisTvis. es swavleba unda Seexebodes mosamarTleebis momzadebas Sida kanonmdeblobis da saerTaSoriso samarTlis cvlilebebis sferoSi, aseve, iseT damxmare arasamarTlebriv unarebsa da CvevebSi, rac gaaadvilebs maT mier maT winaSe arsebuli sakiTxebis gagebas.

18. mosamarTleebisaTvis aseve mniSvnelovania swavleba eTikisa da sakomunikacio unar-Cvevebis Tvisebebis Sesaxeb, rac mniSvnelovania mxareebTan, sazogadoebasTan da mediasTan urTierTobisaTvis. Tanabrad mniSvnelovanis organizaciuli SesaZleblobebis ganviTareba saqmis mosamzadeblad da marTvisaTvis (magaliTad, kompiuteruli teqnikis gamoyeneba, saqmeTa nakadis marTva, muSaobis teqnika, mosamarTleebis mier gadawyvetilebebis weris teqnika gadawyvetilebebis proeqtebis gamoyenebis CaTvliT, Cveulebriv mosamarTleebis individualuri stilis mixedviT arCevanis SesaZleblobiT), risi saboloo mizanic aris sasamarTlo saqmeebis marTvis uzrunvelyofa usargeblo dayovnebebis da dabrkolebebis gareSe8.

19. sasurvelia sasamarTlos xelmZRvanelebma gaiaron swavleba adamianuri resursebis marTvis sferoSi, saqmeebis nakadis marTvis strategiul dagegmvasa da marTvaSi, sabiujeto da safinanso resursebis efeqtur dagegmvasa da marTvaSi. administraciuli personali da TanaSemweebi unda erkveodnen saqmis sworad ganviTarebis sakiTxebSi, rogorebic aris saqmis momzadeba gansaxilvelad, zedamxedvelobis gaweva saqmeebis daubrkolebeli msvlelobisaTvis (magaliTad, kompiuteruli teqnikis gamoyenebiT saqmis da drois marTvis teqnika, gadawyvetilebebis proeqtebis gamoyeneba, ucxouri enebis floba, komunikacia mxareebTan da sazogadoebasTan da samarTlebrivi kvlevebis gamoyeneba). es uzrunvelyofs mosamarTleebis gaTavisuflebas administraciuli da teqnikuri valdebulebebisagan da maT yuradRebas gadaitans inteleqtualur aspeqtebze, procesis marTvasa da gadawyvetilebis miRebaze.

b. Sinagani garemo: profesionalizmi, procesi, ganxilva da gadawyvetileba

20. sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebebis maxasiaTeblebi damokidebulia aseve Sida iseT faqtorebze, rogoric aris mosamarTlis profesionalizmi, saqmeTa nakadis marTva, zepiri ganxilva da gadawyvetilebisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli elementebi.

1. mosamarTleebis profesionalizmi

21. mosamarTleebis profesionalizmi mTavari garantiaa maRali xarisxis sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebis misaRebad. amas ganapirobebs mosamarTleebis samarTlebrivi momzadebis maRali done, romlis principebic gansazRvrulia emss-s 2003 wlis # 4 da 2006 wlis # 9 daskvnebiT, aseve damoukideblobis kulturis ganviTareba, eTika da deontologia (2001 wlis # 1 da 2002 wlis # 3 daskvnebi).

22. sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebaSi gaTvaliswinebuli SeiZleba iyos ara marto samarTlebrivi mxare, aseve, davis Sinaarsidan gamomdinare iseTi arasamarTlebrivi komponentebi, rogorebic aris eTikuri, socialuri da ekonomikuri mosazrebebi. es moiTxovs, rom mosamarTlem icodes aseTi mosazrebebis Sesaxeb saqmis gadawyvetisas.

23. mosamarTleTa saqmianobis Sefasebis procedurisa da maTi meTvalyureobis (giving guidance) normebis arseboba sasamarTlo xelisuflebis xelmZRvanelobis mxridan gaaumjobesebs mosamarTleTa kompetencias da sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebis xarisxs.

2. saqmis nakadis marTva da saamiso procedurebi

24. imisaTvis, rom Sedegi maRali xarisxis sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebis saxiT misaRebi iyos mxareebisaTvis da sazogadoebisaTvis, procedura unda iyos naTeli, gamWvirvale da akmayofilebdes adamianis uflebaTa evropuli konvenciis moTxovnebs.

25. magram mxolod am moTxovnebis Sesatyvisi saproceso kanondeblobis qona ar aris sakmarisi. emss-s Tvlis, rom mosamarTlem saqmis ganxilva unda warmarTos aqtiurad da kanonis zusti dacviT (accurately). procesis jerovani warmarTva arsebiTad mniSvnelovania saboloo produqtis - gadawyvetilebis maRali xarisxis uzrunvelsayofad.

26. gadawyvetileba gamotanilia Tu ara gonivrul vadaSi es garemoebac mniSvnelovani elementia gadawyvetilebis xarisxisTvis. amasTan, SeiZleba warmoiSves garkveuli konfliqti siswrafesa da adamianis uflebaTa konvenciis me-6 muxliT dacul samarTliani sasamarTlosaTvis damaxasiaTebel sxva elementebs Soris. vinaidan Zalzed mniSvnelovania socialuri harmoniisa da samarTlebrivi sicxadis (legal certainty) dacva, drois elementic mxedvelobaSi unda iyos miRebuli, magram dro ar aris erTaderTi faqtori rac mxedvelobaSi unda iyos miRebuli. emss-s 2004 wlis # 6 daskvnaSi xazgasmulia, rom marTlmsajulebis `xarisxi” ar SeiZleba gaTanabrebuli iyos ubralo `produqtiulobasTan”. xarisxisadmi midgomam unda gaiTvaliswinos sasamarTlo sistemis SesaZleblobebi gadaWras mis winaSe mdgari sakiTxebi sistemis zogadi miznebis Sesabamisad, sadac siswrafe mxolod erT-erT elements Seadgens.

27. zogierT qveyanaSi damkvidrda saqmeTa nakadis marTvisa da saqmeTa zepiri ganxilvis kargi praqtikis (good practices) standartuli modelebi. aseTi wamowyebebi unda waxalisdes, raTa xeli Seewyos mosamarTleTa mier saqmeTa nakadis kargad marTvas.

28. aseve, mniSvnelovania konsultaciebi mosamarTleebs Soris, sadac moxdeba informaciisa da gamocdilebis gacvla. es SesaZleblobas miscems mosamarTleebs ganixilon saqmeTa nakadis marTvis sakiTxebi, kanonmdeblobis gamoyenebis dros arsebuli siZneleebi, Tavidan aicilon SesaZlo konfliqtebi precedentul samarTalSi (case law).

                                                                                                                           

3. zepiri mosmena

29. saqmis zepiri mosmena unda Seesabamebodes adamianis uflebaTa evropuli konvenciis yvela moTxovnas, riTac uzrunvelyofili iqneba is, rom mxareebma da sazogadoebam miiRon jerovnad gansazRvruli da samarTliani sasamarTlos minimaluri standartebi. zepiri mosmenis jerovnad warmarTvas pirdapiri gavlena eqneba saboloo gadawyvetilebis mxareebisa da sazogadoebis mier gagebasa da maT mier am gadawyvetilebis miRebaze (acceptance). zepiri mosmenis jerovnad warmarTva aseve mosamarTlesac miscems saqmis sworad Sefasebis SesaZleblobas, rasac gaaCnia arsebiTi mniSvneloba gadawyvetilebis xarisxze. zepiri ganxilva unda Catardes maSinac, roca adamianis uflebaTa evropuli sasamarTlos precedentuli samarTali adgens misi Catarebis aucileblobas.

30. gamWvirvaleoba da Ria ganxilva SejibrebiTobis da mxareebis Tanasworobis principebTan erTad aucilebeli winapirobebia imisaTvis, rom gadawyvetileba miRebul iqnes rogorc mxareebis, aseve sazogadoebis mier.

4. gadawyvetilebisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli elementebi

31. imisaTvis, rom gadawyvetileba iyos xarisxiani, igi miRebuli unda iyos mxareebis da sazogadoebis mier. gadawyvetilebis Sedegi unda iyos samarTlebrivi normebis swori ganmartebis, samarTliani procesis da faqtebis swori ganviTarebis, aseve unda SeiZlebodes cxovrebaSi gatareba. mxolod amis Semdeg CaTvlis mxare rom misi saqme iyo sworad ganxiluli da sazogadoeba gadawyvetilebas miiRebs, rogorc socialuri harmoniis damyarebis SesaZlelobas. am Sedegis misaRwevad, saWiroa ramdenime moTxovnis Sesruleba.

a. gansazRvruloba

32. yvela sasamarTlo gadawyvetileba unda iyos gasagebi,  Camoyalibebuli naTeli da gasagebi eniT, es aris winapiroba imisaTvis, rom gadawyvetileba gagebuli iyos rogorc mxareebis ise sazogadoebis mier. es mizani moiTxovs imas, rom gadawyvetileba Tanamimdevrulad iyos dasabuTebuli naTeli stiliT yvelasTvis gasagebi saxiT10.

33. TiToeul mosamarTles SeuZlia airCios gadawyvetilebis personaluri stili da struqtura an arsebobis SemTxvevaSi gamoiyenos standartuli modelebi. emss-s rekomendaciis Tanaxmad, sasamarTlo xelisuflebis warmomadgenlebma sasurvelia Seagrovon kargi praqtikis amsaxveli Canawerebi (compendium of good practices), rac gaadvilebs gadawyvetilebis proeqtis momzadebas.

b. dasabuTeba

34. sasamarTlo gadawyvetileba ZiriTadad dasabuTebuli unda iyos11. gadawyvetilebis xarisxi umTavresad mis dasabuTebulobazea damokidebuli. Cveulebriv, dasabuTebuloba imperatiulad savaldebuloa, da igi ar unda iyos ugulvebelyofili siCqaris gamo. jerovani dasabuTebis momzadeba saWiroebs Sesabamis dros mosamarTlisagan.

35. dasabuTeba aucilebelia ara marto imisaTvis, rom mxareebis mier gagebuli iyos gadawyvetileba, aseve imisaTvisac, rom Tavidan aviciloT TviTneburi gadawyvetilebis miReba. es principi pirvel rigSi avalebs mosamarTles upasuxos mxareTa mosazrebebs da daakonkretos is argumentebi, rac amarTlebs gadawyvetilebas da mas kanonier gadawyvetilebad  gaxdis. meore rigSi, es principebi xels uwyoben sazogadoebisaTvis sasamarTlo sistemis funqcionirebas sworad aRqmas.

36. argumentebi unda iyos Tanmimdevruli, naTeli, araorazrovani, arawinaaRmdegobrivi. mkiTxvels unda SeeZlos miyves im dasabuTebis ganviTarebis jaWvs, ramac ganapiroba aseTi gadawyvetilebis miReba.

37. dasabuTebam unda gamoxatos mosamarTlis mier evropis adamianis uflebaTa konvenciis principebis dacva (dacvis ufleba, samarTliani sasamarTlos ufleba). iseT droebiT gadawyvetilebebSi, romlebic exebian pirovnebis Tavisuflebebs (patimrobis safuZveli), an SeiZleba gavlena hqondes pirTa qonebriv an sxva uflebaze (droebiTi meurveoba bavSvebze, an preveciuli dayadaReba qonebis an dayadaReba sabanko angariSebis), savaldebuloa Sesaferisi dasabuTeba.

38. dasabuTeba (argumentebis moyvana) unda emyarebodes mxaris mier warmodgenil mosazrebebs, rac aisaxeba maT sarCelebsa da maT SesageblebSi. es aucilebeli garantiaa imisa, rom mxareebi darwmundnen, rom sasamarTlom imsjela maT moTxovnebze da miiRo isini mxedvelobaSi. dasabuTebaSi ar unda iyos mxaris Seuracxmyofeli an damamcirebeli SeniSvnebi.

39. mosamarTleebis mier sakuTari Sinagani rwmenis mixedviT moqmedebisaTvis raime zianis miuyeneblad mosamarTleebma unda upasuxon mxolod im gankuTvnebad argumentebs, romelTac gavlena aqvs davis gadawyvetaze.

40. ar aris aucilebeli dasabuTeba iyos grZeli, aramed unda moiZebnos jerovani balansi mcire moculobasa (conciseness) da gadawyvetilebis gasagebobas Soris.

41. sasamarTlos mier dasabuTebuli gadawyvetilebis miRebis valdebuleba  ar gulisxmobs mxaris mier davis sagnis dasacavad moyvanili yvela argumentisaTvis pasuxis gacemas. dasabuTebuli gadawyvetilebis gamotanis valdebuleba  SeiZleba gansxvavdebodes gadawyvetilebis xasiaTidan (arsidan) gamomdinare. evropis adamianis uflebaTa sasamarTlos precedentuli samarTlis mixedviT12, gadawyvetilebis dasabuTebulobis moculoba damokidebulia mxareebis mier moyvanil argumentebze, iseve rogorc samarTlebriv normebze, Cveulebebze da doqtrinalur principebze, aseve, sxvadasxva qveyanaSi gadawyvetilebis Sedgenis arsebul praqtikaze. samarTliani sasamarTlos principis uzrunvelsayofad, dasabuTebam unda daadasturos, rom mosamarTlem Seiswavla misTvis wardgenili is yvela ZiriTadi sakiTxi13, romelic  mas mxareebma warudgines. nafici msajulebis sasamarTlos SemTxvevaSi, mosamarTlis valdebulebaa gasagebad auxsnas nafic msajulebs gadasawyvet saqmesTan dakavSirebuli faqtebi da sakiTxebi.

42. Sinaarsis mxriv sasamarTlo gadawyvetileba moicavs faqtobriv da samarTlebriv sakiTxebs, rromelic gansaxilvel davas udevs safuZvlad.

43. faqtobrivi garemoebebis ganxilvisas, mosamarTlem SeiZleba imsjelos mtkicebulebaTa dasaSvebobaze. mosamarTlem aseve SeiZleba Seafasos faqtobrivi garemoebebis damadasturebeli mtkicebulebis mniSvneloba davasTan gankuTvnebadobis TvalsazrisiT.

44. samarTlebrivi sakiTxebis ganxilva gulisxmobs erovnuli samarTalis, evropis samarTlis14, saerTaSoriso samarTlis15 normebis gamoyenebas. dasabuTeba unda asaxavdes konstitucias, erovnul kanonmdeblobas, evropul da saerTaSoriso samarTals. sadac misaRebia igi SeiZleba asaxavdes, erovnul, evropul da saerTaSoriso precedentul samarTals, sxva qveynis sasamarTloebis mier precedentuli samarTlis Sesaxeb miRebuli rekomendaciebis CaTvliT, aseve, rekomendaciebs samarTlebrivi literaturidan, rac SeiZleba iyos sasargeblo, xolo saerTo samarTlis qveynebSi - savaldebulo.

45. saerTo samarTlis qveynebSi, ufro maRali safexuris sasamarTlos mier miRebuli gadawyvetilebebi savaldebuloa, vinaidan adgens davis gadawyvetis erTian wess. im qveynebSi, sadac aris samoqalaqo kanonmdebloba, gadawyvetilebebs ar aqvT aseTi efeqti, magram SeuZliaT gauwion xelmZRvaneloba mosamarTleebs aseTive saqmis, socialuri, samarTlebrivi sakiTxebis gadasawyvetad. amrigad, gadawyvetilebis dasabuTeba unda emyarebodes samarTlebrivi sakiTxebis detalur Seswavlas da daweril unda iqnes gansakuTrebuli gulisxmierebiT, raTa moipovos mxareebisa da sazogadoebis pativiscema.

46. bevr SemTxvevaSi, samarTlebrivi sakiTxebis Seswavla gulisxmobs samarTlebrivi normis ganmartebas.

47. vaRiarebT ra mosamarTlis mier samarTlis normis ganmartebis uflebas, mniSvnelovania gvaxsovdes aseve samarTlis sicxadis xelSewyobis aucilebloba. rasakvirvelia samarTlebrivi sicxade warmoadgens samarTlis normis gaWvretadobisa da gamoyenebis garantias da amgvarad xels uwyobs maRali donis samarTlebrivi sistemis Seqmnas.

48. mosamarTleebs SeuZliaT gamoiyenon ganmartebis is principebi, romlebic gamoiyeneba rogorc  erovnuli, ise saerTaSoriso kanonmdeblobis mimarT. saerTo samarTlis qveynebSi aseve SeiZleba aseTi Sinaarsis precedentis gamoyeneba. im qveynebSi, sadac aris samoqalaqo kanonmdebloba, SeiZleba precedentebis gamoyeneba, gansakuTrebiT umaRlesi instanciis sasamarTlos mier miRebulis, precedentebisa samarTlis erTgvarovnebis uzrunvelsayofad.

49. mosamarTleebma kanonmdebloba unda gamoiyenon Tanmimdevrulad. rodesac sasamarTlo gadawyvets gadauxvios wina precedents (case law), es unda iyos cxadad axsnili gadawyvetilebaSi. gamonaklis SemTxvevaSi SesaZlebelia aseve miTiTeba, rom axali ganmarteba gamoyenebul iqnes mxolod gadawyvetilebis miRebis Semdegi periodidan an gadawyvetilebaSi miTiTebuli droidan garkveuli drois ganmalobaSi.

50. zemdgom sasamarTloSi Sesuli saqmeebis odenobam SeiZleba gavlena iqonios mis mier miRebul gadawyvetilebis xarisxze da siswrafze. emss-s rekomendaciaa, rom arsebobdes meqanizmi, TiToeuli qveynis samarTlebrivi tradiciebis gaTvaliswinebiT, umaRlesi sasamarTlosadmi misawvdomobis regulirebis mowesrigebasTan dakavSirebiT.

g. gansxvavebuli azri

51. zogierT saxelmwifoSi SeiZleba mosamarTleebma gamoxaton Tanmxvedri an gansxvavebuli mosazrebebi. gansxvavebuli mosazreba gamoqveyndeba umravlesobis mosazrebasTan erTad. mosamarTleebi afiqsireben mTlianad an nawilobriv winaaRmdegobas gadawyvetilebis mimarT, aseve winaaRmdegobis mizezebs, unda daeyrdnon an SeuZliaT daeydnon sxva safuZvlebs da ara imas, rac umravlesobis mosazrebaSia asaxuli. es xels Seuwyobs gadawyvetilebis Sinaarsis gaumjobesebas, gaaadvilebs gagebas da ganapirobebs samarTlis ganviTarebas.

52. gansxavavebuli mosazreba unda iyos saTanadod dasabuTebuli, asaxavdes mosamarTlis Sexedulebebs faqtebisa da samarTlis Sesaxeb.

d. aRsruleba

53. sasamarTlos nebismieri gadawyvetileba unda iyos dawerili martivi da araorazrovani eniT, ise, rom SesaZlebeli gaxdes misi Sesruleba, xolo Tu gadawyvetileba Seexeba raime moqmedebis Sesrulebas an raimes gadaxdas - advilad aRsrulebadi.

54. evropis adamianis uflebaTa sasamarTlos ganmartebebis Tanaxmad, samarTliani sasamarTlos ufleba, romelic daculia adamianis uflebaTa evropuli konvenciis me-6 muxliT, iTvaliswinebs ara mxolod gadawyvetilebis miRebas gonivrul droSi, aramed agreTve imas, rom gadawyvetileba efeqturad aRsruldes mogebuli mxaris sasargeblod. konvencia ar iTvaliswinebs adamianis uflebebis mxolod Teoriulad dacvas, aramed miznad isaxavs, rom konvenciis konvenciiT gansazRvrulma dacvam praqtikuli Sedegi moitanos.

55. gadawyvetilebas unda gaaCndes Semdegi maxasiaTeblebi:

1) teqsti redaqciulad ise unda iyos Camoyalibebuli, rom SesaZlebeli iyos aRsruleba. es imas niSnavs, rom gadawyvetilebaSi sasamarTlos mier dakisrebuli sasjeli, valdebuleba an brZaneba naTlad da yovelgvari bundovanebis gareSe iyos mocemuli. bundovani gadawyvetileba, romlis interpretaciac sxvadasxvagvarad SeiZleba, asustebs marTlsajulebis ganxorcielebis mTeli procesis efeqturobas.

2) SesaZlebeli unda iyos gadawyvetilebis saTanadod Sesruleba arsebuli aRsrulebis sistemis farglebSi anu ramdenad efeqturad aRsruldeba gadawyvetileba. sxvadasxva samarTlebrivi sistemebi iTvaliswineben gadawyvetilebebis aRsrulebis SeCerebas da gadadebas, rac zogierTi saqmis SemTxvevaSi namdvilad gamarTlebulia. magram zogjer aRsrulebis SeCerebas an gadadebas SeiZleba gaaCndes taqtikuri mizani, ramac SeiZleba gamoiwvios marTlsajulebis ganxorcielebis procesis paralizeba da  sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebis aRusrulebloba. marTlsajulebis ganxorcielebis procesis efeqturobisaTvis saWiroa yvela samarTlebriv sistemas gaaCndes pirobiTi aRsrulebis procedurebi16 (procedures for provisional enforcement).

56. maRali xarisxis gadawyvetileba (ara sisxlis samarTlis saqmeebze) SeiZleba sruliad usargeblo aRmoCndes Tu SeuZlebeli iqneba misi martivi da efeqturi proceduriT aRsruleba. mniSvnelovania, rom aRsrulebis procedura sasamarTlos zedamxedvelobis qveS mimdinareobdes, raTa mosamarTleebma moaxdinon gadawyvetilebis SesrulebasTan dakavSirebuli sirTuleebis gadawyveta, iseTi efeqturi proceduris gamoyenebiT, rac damatebiT xarjebs ar daakisrebs mxareebs.

nawili II. sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebis xarisxis Sefaseba

57. emss xazgasmiT aRniSnavs, rom individualuri sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebis xarisxi ZiriTadad kontroldeba saapelacio wesiT gasaCivrebis meTodiT an gadasinjvis meTodiT marTlsajulebis erovnul sistemebSi da adamianis uflebaTa evropuli sasamarTlosadmi mimarTvis uflebis xelmisawvdomobiT. saxelmwifoebma unda uzrunvelyon, rom maTi erovnuli procedurebi akmayofilebdnen adamianis uflebaTa evropuli sasamarTlos moTxovnebs.

a.      Sefasebis arsi

58. 90-iani wlebidan arsebobs mzardi tendencia, rom mxolod sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebis xarisxi sworad ver Sefasdeba mxolod gadawyvetilebiT mowesrigebuli samarTlebrivi sakiTxis SefasebiT. rogorc winamdebare daskvnis pirvel nawilSi aRiniSna, gadawyvetilebis momzadebis etapis xarisxi zegavlenas axdens sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebis xarisxze, da amdenad, unda Sefasdes samarTlebrivi sistema mTlianad. magram sasamarTlos momxmarebelTa TvalTaxedviT mxolod gadawyvetlebis xarisxi stricto sensu ar aris erTaderTi mniSvnelovani elementi. yuradReba unda mieqces aseve saqmeTa odenoba, gamWvirvaleobas, procesis marTvas, aseve, mosamarTlis mier mxareebTan komunikacias, sasamarTlos sazogadoebasTan urTierTobas.

59. emss aRniSnavs, rom sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebis xarisxis Sefasebis meTodebma ar unda iqonios zegavlena sasamarTlos damoukideblobaze.

60. sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebis xarisxis Sefaseba unda Seesabamebodes adamianis uflebaTa evropuli konvenciis principebs. Sefaseba ar unda ganxorcieldes mxolod ekonomikuri da menejeruli meTodebis WrilSi. ekonomikuri da menejeruli meTodebi metad frTxilad unda iqnes gamoyenebuli. marTlsajulebis daniSnuleba samarTlis gamoyeneba da cxovrebaSi gatarebaa da es saqmianoba martooden ekonomikuri efeqturobiT ver Sefasdeba.

61. xarisxis Sefasebis yvela sistema unda iyos mimarTuli sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebebis xarisxis gaumjobesebaze da Tavad ar unda iqces biurokratiul meqanizmad. igi ar SeiZleba iyos marTlsajulebis sistemis garedan kontrolis instrumenti.

62. emss-s xazs usvams, rom marTlmsajulebis xarisxis Sefasebisas,  roca xdeba konkretuli sasamarTlos an sasamarTloTa jgufis Sefaseba es ar unda avurioT individualuri mosamarTleebis profesiuli SefasebaSi17.

63. Sefasebis mizani, sxvasTan erTad, unda iyos saWiroebebis gansazRvra, kanonmdeblobis gamosworeba, marTlsajulebis ganxorcielebis procesis gaumjobeseba da Secvla, mosamarTleebisa da sasamarTlos TanamSromlebis swavleba.

64. Sefasebis sagani, meTodi da procedura unda ganisazRvros saTanadod da iyos gasagebi. amasTanave, isini unda ganisazRvron Tavad mosamarTleebis mier an maTTan mWidro TanamSromlobiT.

65. Sefaseba unda iyos gamWvirvale. personaluri monacemebi da mosamarTleebis identifikaciis SesaZleblobebi unda darCes konfidencialuri.

66. sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebebis xarisxis Sefaseba ar gulisxmobs mosamarTleebis mier saqmeebis erTnairad gadawyvetas, yoveli saqmisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli individualuri Taviseburebebis gauTvaliswineblad.

67. sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebis nebismieri Sefasebis procesis dros mxedvelobaSi unda iyos miRebuli sxvadasxva tipisa da donis sasamarTlos Taviseburebebi, saqmeTa gansxvavebuli xasiaTi da maT gadasawyvetad aucilebeli gansxvavebuli unarebi da codnis done.

b. Sefasebis meTodebi (im organoTa CaTvliT, romelTac evalebaT sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebebis xarisxis Sefaseba)

68. emss miiCnevs (raodenobrivi da xarisxobrivi statistikis gamoyenebasTan dakavSirebiT), rom sasurvelia SefasebisTvis gamoyenebuli unda iyos sxvadasxva meTodebi, romlebic asaxaven xarisxis sxvadasxva maCveneblebs da emyarebian informaciis mravalmxriv wyaroebs. ar unda mieniWos erT meTods sxvebze meti upiratesoba. Sefasebis meTodebis efeqturoba unda emyarebodes maT mecnierul dasabuTebulobas, codnasa da sifrTxiles da unda iyos metad gamWvirvale. Sefasebis sistemam ar unda daayenos eWvqveS gadawyvetilebis kanoniereba.

69. emss-s Tvlis, rom saxelmwifoebi ar arian valdebulebi gamoiyenon Sefasebis eTgvarovani sistemebi da meTodologiuri midgomebi, da miuxedavad imisa, rom winamdebare daskvnis mizans ar warmoadgens is, rom Sefasebis romelime sistemaze raime mosazreba gamoxatos, mainc SesaZlebelia, rom erovnuli gamocdilebis safuZvelze SerCeuli iqnes yvelaze ufro misaRebi Sefasebis sistema.

1. mosamarTleebis mier TviTSefaseba da sxva subieqtebis mier marTlsajulebis sistemis Sefaseba

70. emss mxars uWers mosamarTleebis mier TviTSefasebas, emss aseve mxars uWers, sxva pirebis monawileobas (advokatebi, prokurorebi, samarTlis fakultetis profesorebi, moqalaqeebi, erovnuli Tu saerTaSoriso arasamTavrobo organizaciebi) Sefasebis procesSi, imis gaTvaliswinebiT, rom daculi iyos sasamarTlos sruli damoukidebloba. aseTi gareSe Sefasebis mizani ar unda iyos sasamarTlo sistemis damoukideblobis daTmoba an marTlsajulebis sistemis erTianobis darRveva. sasamarTlos gadawyvetilebebis Sefasebis upirvelesi meTodi aris drouli da efeqturi saapelacio gasaCivrebis proceduris arseboba.

71. precedentuli samarTliT, sasamarTlo praqtikiT da yovelwliuri angariSebiT zemdgom sasamarTloebs SeuZliaT xeli Seuwyon sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebebis xarisxis amaRlebas da maT Sefasebas. amisaTvis metad mniSvnelovania, rom precedentuli samarTali iyos gasagebi, Tanmimdevruli da stabiluri. aseve, zemdgom sasamarTloebs sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebis xarisxis gasaumjobeseblad SeuZliaT Seqmnan saxelmZRvaneloebi (guidlines) qvemdgomi sasamarTloebisaTvis, sadac yuradReba iqneba gamaxvilebuli gamosayenebel principebze, Sesabamis precedentul samarTalze miTiTebiT.

 

2. statistikuri meTodebi

72. raodenobrivi statistikuri meTodebi saSualebas iZleva Segrovebul iqnes sasamarTlos statistika (mimdinare saqmeebis statistika, warmoebaSi miRebuli da damTavrebuli saqmeebis statistika, mosmenebis raodenoba, saqmeebis xangrZlivobis statistika da a.S.). sasamarTloebis muSaobis raodenobrivi Sefaseba aris sazomi sasamarTlos SesaZleblobebisa gaiTvaliswinos moqalaqeTa saWiroebebi. es SesaZlebloba ki warmoadgens marTlmsajulebis xarisxis erTerT maCvenebels. es meTodi gansazRvravs sasamarTlos saqmianobis raodenobiv mxares, magram ver adgens arian Tu ara miRebuli gadawyvetilebebi saTanado xarisxis. gadawyvetilebis Sinaarsi damokidebulia individualuri saqmis xarisxze. magaliTad, mosamarTlem SeiZleba gamoitanos uamravi erTmaneTis msgavsi gadawyvetileba mcire mniSvnelobis mqone saqmeebze. statistika ar aris yovelTvis zusti maCvenebeli yovel situaciaSi da yovelTvis unda ganvixiloT igi konteqstSi sxva maCveneblebTan erTad. miuxedavad amisa, es meTodi saSualebas gvaZlevs SevafasoT saqmeebis ganxilva vadebSi an aris Tu ara didi naSTi rac SeiZleba amarTlebdes damatebiTi resursebis gamoyofas an zomebis miRebas naSTis Sesamcireblad an aRmosafxvrelad.

73. xarisxobrivi statistikuri meTodebis gamoyenebisas gadawyvetilebebi daxarisxebulia tipebis, sagnisa da sirTulis mixedviT. es meTodi aadvilebs Sromis sworad ganawilebas, gansazRvravs sasamarTlos mier swor da efeqtur Sromis minimalur da maqsimalur ganawilebas. am midgomis Tavisebureba isaa, rom igi iTvaliswinebs konkretuli saqmeebis specifikas, da davis tips, raTa ganasxvavos is SemTxvevebi, roca SeiZleba raodenobrivad cota saqme iqna ganxiluli, magram es drois mniSvnelovan odenobasTan iyo dakavSirebuli. aseve mxedvelobaSi aris misaRebi, rom xarisxobrivi statistikis meTodis gamoyenebis dros sirTule imaSia, rom ganisazRvros Tu romeli faqtori una iqnes mxedvelobaSi miRebuli da romeli organoa kompetenturi gansazRvros amgvari faqtorebi.

74. rogorc zogadad apelaciebis garkveuli odenobis, aseve warmatebuli apelaciebis garkveuli odenobis Seswavla SeiZleba gaxdes xarisxis met-naklebad warmatebuli maCvenebeli. Tumca emss xazs usvams, rom arc apelaciebis raodenoba da arc maTi warmatebis done ar aris gasaCivrebuli gadawyvetilebis xarisxis aucilebeli maCvenebeli. warmatebuli apelacia SeiZleba iyos martooden saapelacio sasamarTlos mosamarTlis gansxvavebuli Sefaseba mocemul sakiTxze, da es gadawyvetileba TavisTavad SeiZleba gadasinjul yofiliyo Tu saqme uzenaes sasamarToSi warimarTeboda.

3. iusticiis sabWos roli marTlmsajulebaSi

75. erovnuli da saerTaSoriso organoebi, romlebic axdenen sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebebis Sefasebas, sruliad damoukidebeli unda iyvnen aRmasrulebeli xelisuflebisagan. raime zewolis Tavidan asacileblad im saxelmwifoebSi sadac arseboben iusticiis sabWoebi19, sabWo unda afasebdes sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebis xarisxs. sabWos SigniT ki Sefaseba unda ganaxorcielos im departamentma, romelic ar iqneba pasuxismgebeli mosamarTleTa disciplinur sakiTxebze. amave mizezebis gamo im qveynebSi, sadac ar arseboben iusticiis sabWoebi sasamarTlos gadawyvetilebis xarisxi unda Seafasos sagangebo organom, romelsac iseTive damoukideblobis garantiebi eqneba, rogorc iusticiis sabWos.

ZiriTadi daskvnebi da rekomendaciebi

a) garegani maCveneblebi, razec sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebis xarisxi aris damokidebuli, moicavs sakanonmdeblo xelisuflebis mier miRebul kanonmdeblobas. mniSvnelovania, parlamentma meTvalyureoba gauwios kanonmdeblobis ZalaSi Sesvlas da warmoadginos sakanonmdeblo winadadebebi sasamarTlo sistemis Sesaxeb.

b) miRebuli gadawyvetilebis xarisxi damokidebulia adamianur, finansur, materialur resursebze sasamarTlo sistemis da aseve, mosamarTlis finansur dacvaze.

g) mosamarTleebis da sxva iuristebis samarTlebrivi swavleba aris mniSvnelovani sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebis maRali xarisxisaTvis.

d) aseve mniSvnelovania mosamarTleebisaTvis swavlebis organizeba araiuridiul sakiTxebze, sasamarTlos aparatis swavleba, radgan mosamarTles aaridon administraciul sakiTxebze zrunva da man yuradReba dauTmos inteleqtualur aspeqtebs gadawyvetilebis.

e) sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebis xarisxis standartis ganmsazRvreli aris Sedegi TanamSromlobis sxvadasxva aqtorebsa da sasamarTlo sistemas Soris.

v) mosamarTleebis profesionalizmi aris mTavari garanti sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebis xarisxis da Sinagani faqtori, rasac gavlena aqvs sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebaze. profesionalizmi gulisxmobs mosamarTleebis maRal samarTlebriv momzadebas da ganviTarebas damoukideblobis kulturis da eTikis. es moiTxovs mosamarTleebisagan codnas samarTlebrivi da arasamarTlebrivi sakiTxebis.

z) sxva Sida faqtorebi, rasac gavlena aqvs gadawyvetilebaze, aris saqmis ganxilvis procedura da marTva. procesi unda iyos naTeli, gamWvirvale da winaswargansazRvrebadi. mosamarTlem unda moaxdinos procesis organizeba aqtiurad da zustad. gadawyvetileba unda iyos miRebuli saTanado dros. procesis siCqare ar aris erTaderTi, rac unda iyos miRebuli mxevelobaSi, sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebam unda daicvas samarTliani sasamarTlos ufleba, socialuri harmonia da samarTlis uzenaesoba.

T) saqmis swori marTvis standartuli modeli unda iyos gamoyenebuli da miRebuli mosamarTleebs Soris sakonsultacio Sexvedraze.

i) mosmena unda Catardes maSin, rodesac amas iTvaliswinebs adamianis uflebaTa evropuli sasamarTlo da unda Seesabamebodes evropis adamianis uflebaTa konvencias, es uzrunvelyofs mxareebisaTvis da sazogadoebisaTvis im minimaluri standartebis dacvas, rac aris samarTliani sasamarTlo.

k) procesis samarTlianoba, samarTlis principebis swori axsna faqtebis safuZvelze, aseve, gadawyvetilebis Sesrulebis SesaZlebloba aris maxasiaTeblebi xarisxiani sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebis.

l) gadawyvetileba unda iyos gasagebi da Camoyalibebuli naTel da ubralo enaze, mosamarTleebis individualuri stilis gaTvaliswinebiT an standartuli modelis gamoyenebiT.

m) emss-s rekomendaciis mixedviT, sasamarTlo xelisuflebis warmomadgenlebma mizanSewonilia Seagrovon gadawyvetilebebis kargi praqtika, rac gaaadvilebs gadawyvetilebis proeqtis Sedgenas.

n) sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebebi unda iyos dasabuTebuli. gadawyvetilebis xarisxi damokidebulia imaze, Tu rogor aris dasabuTebuli, dasabuTebaSi SeiZleba samarTlebrivi principebis interpretacia, magram daculi unda iyos samarTlis uzenaesoba da Sinaarsi. rodesac sasamarTlo gadawyvets gadauxvios arsebul precedentul samarTals, es unda iyos gasagebad axsnili gadawyvetilebaSi.

o) emss-s rekomendaciis Tanaxmad, mniSvnelovania samarTlebrivi tradiciebis Sesabamisi meqanizmis arseboba, romelic gansazRvravs uzenaesi sasamarTlosadmi mimarTvis wess.

p) mosamarTlis gansxvavebul mosazrebas mniSvneloba aqvs gadawyvetilebis gagebaSi da samarTlis ganviTarebis saqmeSi. aseTi mosazrebebi unda iyos dasabuTebuli da gamoqveynebuli.

J) nebismieri brZaneba sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebiT gaTvaliswinebuli, unda iyos dawerili naTlad da araorazrovnad, gasagebi iyos Sesrulebis sakiTxi, advilad SeiZlebodes cxovrebaSi gatareba.

r) emss-s Tanaxmad, sasamarTlo gadawyvetileba SeiZleba iyos gasaCivrebuli sasamarTlo wesiT an moxdes gadaxedva, aseve, garantirebuli unda iyos adamianis uflebaTa evropuli sasamarTlosaTvis mimarTva.

s) sasamarTlo sistemis Sefaseba unda moxdes miRebuli sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebebis xarisxis SefasebiT. yuradReba unda mieqces moculobas, gamWvirvaleobas, process.

t) Sefaseba unda moxdes adamianis uflebaTa evropuli konvenciis fundamenturi principebis Sesabamisad. es ar unda moxdes mxolod ekonomikuri an marTvis mizeziT.

u) nebismieri saxis Semowmebam ar unda daarRvios mosamarTleebis damoukidebloba, rogorc sistemis, aseve individualur doneze, ar unda iyos biurokratiuli da ar unda Seexos individualuri mosamarTleebis profesiul mxares, aseve ar unda daayenos eWvqveS gadawyvetilebis kanonierebis sakiTxi.

f) nebismieri  Semowmebis mizani unda iyos saWiroebebis gansazRvra, kanonmdeblobaSi arsebuli xarvezebis gamosworeba, sasamarTlo procesis Secvla an gamosworeba, mosamarTleebis, sasamarTlo aparatis Semdegi swavleba.

q) emss-s rekomendaciiT, sasurvelia, Semowmebis meTodebis konbinacia, mecnieruli sizustiT gamoyeneba, gamWvirvale miznebis misaRwevad.

R) emss gansazRvravs aseve mosamarTleebis mier sakuTari Tavis Semowmebas. aseve, SemowmebaSi gareSe pirebis monawileobas, sasamarTlo sistemis damoukideblobis srulad uzrunvelyofiT.

y) uzenaes sasamarTlos, Tavis precedentuli samarTliT, sasamarTlo praqtikiT da yovelwliuri moxsenebebiT gavlena aqvs sasamarTlo sistemis ganviTarebaze. amisaTvis mniSvnlovania, precdentuli samarTali iyos naTeli, Tanmimdevruli, mtkice.

S) sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebebis xarisxis Semowmeba unda daekisros mosamarTleTa konferencias sadac arsebobs, an sxva organos, mosamaarTleebis damoukideblobis igive garantiiT.

1. yvela teqsti marTlmsajulebis xarisxis Sesaxeb gamoxatavs evrosabWos suliskveTebas xarisxiani marTlmsajulebis saWiroebis Sesaxeb. `evrosabWos SexedulebiT, xarisxisadmi midgoma ar SeiZleba ganisazRvros erTi gadawyvetilebis ganxilviT, magram gadawyvetileba da misi xarisxi, rogorc nawili amomwuravi midgomis, damokidebulia sasamarTlo sistemis xarisxze, mosamarTleebis, damcvelebis, sasamarTlo personalis CaTvliT, aseve, procesis xarisxi ganapirobebs gadawyvetlebis xarisxs. evrosabWos rekomendaciis Tanaxmad, gadawyvetilebis xarisxis gaumjobesebisaTvis sasurvelia miRweva gaumjobesebis TiToeuli am punqtis.

2. ixileT aseve konferenciis daskvna sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebis xarisxis Sesaxeb, romelic organizebuli iyo estoneTis uzenasi sasamarTlos mier tartuSi (18 ivnisi. 2008) estoneTis mosamarTleTa organizaciis monawileobiT da emss-s samuSao jgufis monawileobiT.

3. ixileT kiTxvari sasmarTlo gadawyvetilebis xarisxis Sesaxeb da pasuxebi emss-s veb gverdze: www.coe.int/ccje

4. saproceso samarTalTan dakavSirebiT, emss-s survilia, mis 2004 wlis # 4 daskvnaze miTiTebiT, rom sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebis xarisxis uzrunvelsayofad unda moxdes misi miReba misaReb droSi, kanonmdebelma unda gaakeTos optimaluri arCevani sasamarTlo procesis xangrZlivobasa da davis alternatiuli gadawyvetis sqemas Soris.

5. ixileT emss-s daskvna #1. 2001. muxli 61.

6. ixileT emss-s daskvna #2. 2001.

7. ixileT emss-s daskvna #4. 2003.

8. SemTxvevebis Seswavlis kargi da cudi praqtikis standartuli modelebi gadawyvetilebis Sedgenis meTologiasTan erTad, gazeTebi da mosamarTlis wignebi Seqmnili swavlebis mizniT, farTod unda gavrceldes mosamarTleebs Soris.

9. emss-s #6 (2004) daskvnis mixedviT, principebis ganviTareba, romelic dadgenilia rekomendaciiT # R (84) 5, aqve yuradReba aris gamaxvilebuli mosamarTleebis aqtiuri rolis mniSvnelobaze samoqalaqo procesis xelmZRvanelobaSi (muxli 90-102, 126).

10. rekomendacia unda Seexebodes emss-s 2005 wlis # 7 daskvnas, 56-61 muxlebs.

11. gamonaklisebi SeiZleba moicavdes gadawyvetilebebs saqmeebis marTvasTan dakavSirebiT (ganxilvis vadis gagrZeleba), meorexarixovan saproceso davebs an iseT davebs, rac gamomdinareobs arsebiTad dakmayofilebis miuReblobidan (gadawyvetilebebi valdebulebis Seusruleblobis Sesaxeb), saapelacio sasamarTlos gadawyvetilebebi, romelic adasturebs pirveli instanciis sasamarTlos gadawyvetilebebs igive argumentebisa da igive safuZvlis ganxilvis Semdeg, nafici msajulebis sasamarTlos gadawyvetilebebi da zogierTi gadawyvetileba, romelic iTvaliswinebs apelaciis Setanis uflebas an gasaCivrebis uflebas, im qveynebSi, sadac aseTi sarCeli nebadarTulia.

12. detalurad ixileT adamianis uflebaTa evropuli sasamarTlos gadawyvetileba. boldea rumineTis winaaRmdeg. 15 Tebervali. 2007. paragrafi 29. van de hurki niderlandebis winaaRmdeg. 19 aprili. 1994. paragrafi 61.

13. detalurad ixileT adamianis uflebaTa evropuli sasamarTlos gadawyvetileba. boldea rumineTis winaaRmdeg. 15 Tebervali. 2007. paragrafi 29. hele fineTis winaaRmdeg. 19 Tebervali. 1997. paragrafi 60.

14. `evropis samarTali” gulisxmobs evrosabWos, evrokavSiris samarTals.

15. ixileT emss-s daskvna #9. 2006.

16. ixileT emss-s daskvna #6. 2004. muxli 130.

17. ixileT emss-s daskvna #6. 2004. nawili B. muxli 34. emss-s daskvna # 10. 2007. muxli 52-56 da 78.

18. ixileT emss-s daskvna #6. 2004. muxli 36.

19. es sabWoebi iqmneba da moqmedebs emss-s 2007 wlis # 10 daskvnis Sesabamisad.